Apparatus for forming concrete structures



Aug. 7,A 1934. w. R. MARSDEN APPARATUS FOR FORMING CONCRETE STRUCTURESFiled Sept. 6, 1932 I @l/f2 INVENToR- W/L/M /VSEM BY MA ATTORNEY- L! Hfve- Aug. 7, 1934. w. R. MARsDEN APPARATUS FOR FORMING 'CONCRETESTRUCTURES Filed sept. 6, 1952 2 sheets-sheet 2 [Il EI-.l

'III

III:

ATTORNEY- Patented Aug. 7, 1934 lnas.

UNITED STA PAT .ArPARATUs Fon rom/UNG CONCRETE.

' 3y Claims.

VThis invention relates to new and useful improvements in concrete pilesand the like, and the method and means of constructing them.

e Generally stated, there are at present two forms f of cast in placeconcrete piles in use, namely, the cased and the uncased. In the drivencased type, a mandrel surrounded by a light steely shell is driven intothe ground. When the required depth is reached the mandrel is removed,concrete is poured into the shell, and the shell is left permanently inthe ground.l In the uncased type of pile, after the concrete isypouredinto the driving shell, and before it is permitted to set,

It is the object of my invention so to construct a concrete pile thatthe objection to`such pile structures as to cost and quality areeliminated and that full protection be afforded to the Apile in the weakand wet strata, and that in strata A which are rm, the concrete beallowed to flow against the compacted earth walls so as to afford a highfrictional value and reduce cost through the elimination of unnecessarypermanent forms Y vin such strata. e j l In accordance with myinvention, concrete piles are constructed by employinga driving shelland mandrel of -the usual type, with the exception that my mandrel istapered at the lower section and enclosed by a tapered steel boot whichremains in the ground. The purpose of the tapered boot or lower sectionis to increase the driving speed, to force aside obstructions instead ofdriving them down, and to allow penetration into the final solid strataof earth in a firm but gentle A manner. The tapered lower section alsodecreases the likelihood of damaging and causing drift to the adjacentcompleted piles, and it also tends to decrease heaving of the eartharound adjacent Y piles. Grooves are pressed into the surface of thetapered boot to permit ready removal of the mandrel.

In accordance with my invention the driving shell is surrounded by ashell sleeve which permits Withdrawal of the driving shell when only aportion of the concrete has been poured. As soon as the concrete haspartially set, the shell sleeves may be withdrawn and used in thedriving of other piles. The shell sleeve insures against the deformationof the pile commonly caused by heavy earth pressures and in the drivingof contiguous piles. It allows speedier driving, as the driving shellcan be removed immediately after the initial batch or concrete has beendeposited in the shell.

. It permits the use of free flowing concrete instead of a dry mix,thereby doing away with time con- A the steel shell is removed.v 'f

suming compression of the concrete important'inv common uncased pileconstruction. Furthermore, the shell sleeve permits the construction ofar finished pile top in the pouring process, veliminating the expense ofdressing the tops by a Sledge hammer 'and chisel after the concretehasfset.

The pile cut-off can be made at any required'.4

elevation, whether belowor above the ground, at very little addedexpense, and in many cases piles can be drivenfbefore thev excavation ismade Where thepile cut-off isl many/feet 'below the ground; Whereas, atthe presenttime,"foundation' pits and trenches must be dug alloverthe'site and the earth taken from them leveled-01T soas tol allow easymovement of th'epile driver.

The shell sleeve constructed in Vaccordance with my invention'is lockedto" the driving shell at Vdesired points so asA to causeltheshellysleeve to? penetrate the earth in unison'with .the driving shell whenand as desired. A metallcollar with lugs on its inner surface isfastened around the driving shell just above the shell sleeve, the lugs.engaging recessesin the drivingshell: Lugs are ENT OFFICE -f provided onthe "exterior surface/of the collar so A by the particular soilcondition. The shell sleeve:

may consist ofasteel pipe segment with `a largev enoughndiameter for thedriving shell to slide through it, and which are Vlocked in place ver-vtically. The shell sleeve maybe vof 'one unit length or of multipleunits' with interlocking parts, The joining of adjacent sections issuch'. that it: will keep them in true 'alignment or resistingv lateralearth pressures. f

In the driving operation theishell sleeveV may" be driven in unison withthe driving shell or it' may be driven'in 'advance'of the driving`shell,` or after the drivingfshellhas been drivenfin',

place. f Y

Owing tothe provision of separate shelll sleeve segments, thesleevemay-be placed around 'the'.

driving shell after the lower edge of the driving shell has entered theearth. Furthermore, such segments may be placed around the driving shelland removed therefrom at will. Also in shipping and storing suchsegments may be nested, reducing thus the cost of handling.

The purpose of the shell sleeve is to protect the wet concrete until ithas attained a certain amount of set and hardness, and to resist thedanger of lill) In the drawings, Fig. 1 is aside elevation partly incross-section of a pile driving assembly;

Fig. 2 is a Vertical cross-section of the assembly' with the mandrelremoved and the concrete poured in place;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal Fig. 4 shows the completed concrete pile inplace;

.'Fig. 5 is a perspective view of aY shell sleeve section; Y

Fig. 6 isa side elevation of the interlocking parts of two shell sleevesections;

Fig. 7 is arr enlarged View of the top portion of A Fig. 2;

Fig. 8 is a horizontal cross-section along lines 8-48 of Fig. 2; I Fig.9' is a vertical cross-section of one us of my invention, illustratingthe screw jack for removing the shell sleeve;

Fig. 10 isran enlarged view of a vertical cross-r section of my improvedpile driving assembly.

When it is desired to drive a concrete pile into the ground which,throughout a portion of the entire length of the pile, is such that thecon-4 crete pile should not be exposed thereto before the concrete isfairly well set, then the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 to 8 is used. Acylindrical mandrel lhaving a tapered point 2 and a head 3, issurrounded by a driving shell 4. The tapered point ofthe mandrel issurrounded by a tapered boot shell 5 having a, heavy steel toe 6 and aflanged rim '7 within which the end of the driving shell 4 is seated.lAlso seated within the anged rim '1 and surrounding the driving shell 4is a shell sleeve 8. The shell sleeve is in sections (in the presentcase three sections), joined f to one another by bayonet locks 9. Eachshell sleeve section consists of two halves' A and Bv which are placedaround the driving shell 4 and which are held together by means oftongues and grooves 10, tapered so as Ato prevent the halves from comingapart. Bale wires may be tied around Si together at 16. Lugs 17projecting from thering 14 engage correspondingnotches in the drivingcross-section along linesr shell 4. By means of hooks 18, the ring 14 isclamped to lugs 19 projecting from the flange 13.

When the whole assembly as above described is driven into the ground,the tapered boot shell 2 is subjected to great strain. In order topermit ready withdrawal of the tapered section 2 of the mandrel, theboot is protected by the heavy steel toe 6 and alsoby grooves 20 formedin the boot shell. Owing to the presence of these grooves the boot shellwill be permitted suiiciently to spread so as not to bind the taperedend of the mandrelin place.

After the complete assembly is driven to the ldesired depth', themandrel is withdrawn and con- Acrete21 is poured into the driving shell(Fig. 2).

The locking ring y14 is now removed, whereupon the driving shell may beimmediately withdrawn lwithout waitingfor the setting of the concrete.The concrete 21 is now permitted to set and harden, whereupon the shellsleeve 8, the inner surface ofwhich is lubricated so as toi-preventcohesion between the setting concrete and this shell sleeve, is slowlywithdrawn from the earth section by section. Any suitable liftingarrangement thatwill insure this may be utilized. The

If the lower strata of the ground are rsuch that other protection of theconcrete is necessary,v

then before pouring the concrete an inner corrugated shell 24 is droppedwithinthe driving shell 4 with a cone-shaped tapered end 25 pro;`

jecting within the boot 5. Y The height of this permanent inner shell isdetermined by ysoil conditions.

VOwing to the provisions of the shell sleeve 8, the

upper end ofthe concrete` 21 canfbe nished oi' at any desired heightbelow or above the. ground, as indicated in Fig. 3. l

The concrete piles may have a circular cross.

section or cross-sections inother shapes.

What is claimed is: I

1. A formv for concrete structures to be cast in place comprisingpairsof metallic sections, one pair being superimposed on another, meansfor attaching one section to its pair against longi-k tudinal movementwith respect thereto, and locking means between superimposed sections.

2. In the casting in place of concrete piles, a

` driving shell, a corrugated tapered boot having an enlarged rim inwhich said driving shell is seated, a shell sleeve surrounding saiddriving shell and composed of sections also seated'in said rim,` eachsection consisting of two segments and having means of interlocking withan adjacent section, and means for lifting said shell sleeve.

3.'In the casting in'place of concrete piles, a driving shell, a shellsleeve surrounding said driving shell and composed of sectionseachrsection consisting of two segments and having means lofinterlocking with adjacent section, and means for,

withdrawing said shell sleeve independent of said driving shell.

l WILLIAM R. MARSDEN.

